对米兰和北京地铁站不安全感的看法的比较分析

地铁站作为重要公共空间，不仅是关键的交通枢纽，更属于广义建成环境的一部分，而建成环境会对人们的不安全感知产生塑造作用。在这类环境中，安全问题是乘客关注的核心议题，尤其在地下公共空间中，物理环境的设计与组织方式发挥着至关重要的作用。尽管老旧地铁站已历经各类现代化改造，但新建地铁站通常仍被认为更具安全性。为厘清这一差异的成因，本研究对比分析了新旧地铁站建成环境中的视觉因素对人们不安全感知的影响机制。同时，研究选取米兰与北京这两个采用截然不同城市发展模式的城市作为案例，进一步探讨城市化进程的差异如何作用于新旧地铁站之间的安全感知反差。本研究引入了一种创新的地下公共空间分析方法，通过整合 360 度图像采集技术、优化后的语义分割流程，以及基于极端梯度提升（XGBoost）算法与 SHAP（SHapley Additive exPlanations）值的预测模型，揭示了上述视觉因素与安全感知之间的复杂关联。研究结果表明：人工照明、地面铺装、人员存在情况等因素在所有地铁站中均具有显著影响，但部分因素的作用效果存在场景特异性 —— 例如，裸露管线在北京老旧地铁站中对安全感知的负面影响更为突出，而站台屏蔽门在米兰新建地铁站中则对安全感知具有强烈的正向提升作用。本研究的结论为未来地铁站现代化改造提供了具有价值的指导依据，同时也为地下公共空间研究领域提供了一种创新性的分析路径。
Metro stations, as essential public spaces, not only serve as vital transportation hubs but also form part of the broader built environment that shapes people’s perceptions of insecurity. An important concern for passengers in these environments is safety, particularly in underground public space where the design and organization of the physical surroundings play a crucial role. Despite various modern renovations in older metro stations, newer stations are generally perceived as safer. To understand this discrepancy, this research compares how visual factors in the built environments of old and new metro stations influence people’s perceptions of insecurity. By examining two citiesdMilan and Beijing, which follow distinct urban development modelsdthis research also explores how differences in urbanization processes affect the contrast between old and new stations. This research introduces a novel methodology for analyzing underground public space by integrating 360-degree image capture, an enhanced semantic segmentation process, and predictive modeling using XGBoost and SHAP to reveal the complex relationships between these visual factors and safety perceptions. The results indicate that while factors like artificial light, floor, and the presence of people are significant across all stations, certain factors are particularly influential in specific contextsdfor example, exposed pipes are more negatively associated with safety perception in Beijing’s old stations, and platform doors have a strongly positive effect in Milan’s new stations. The findings provide valuable insights for guiding the modernization of metro stations in the future, and offering an innovative approach to studying underground public space.

SARS-COV-2传输上的街道构建环境：香港的研究

文章聚焦2020年1月至2022年3月香港五波疫情，研究街道层面建成环境（SLBE）对SARS-CoV-2空间传播风险（SSTR）的影响。研究重点包括街道环境要素分析、空间异质性及动态疫情响应。研究方法有数据收集与处理，收集病例相关建筑数据并通过Google街景获取图像分割街道环境要素，关联街道环境特征与建筑传播风险；空间分析，用全局和局部空间自相关识别疫情空间聚集模式并划分建筑传播风险集群；机器学习建模，用随机森林（RF）模型分析SLBE与SSTR的非线性关系，通过SHAP模型解释特征重要性及交互作用并对比其他模型性能。研究结果显示，高传播区域街道人行道、卫生设施、人工结构与传播风险正相关，低传播区域交通控制设施、未铺设道路与风险负相关；街道基础设施在第三、四波疫情影响更显著，自然要素在第一波作用明显；SHAP模型揭示环境特征阈值效应及交互作用；RF模型在高低传播风险集群中表现均最优，显著优于传统GWR模型。
The article focuses on five waves of epidemics in Hong Kong from January 2020 to March 2022, and studies the impact of street-level construction environment (SLBE) on SARS-CoV-2 spatial transmission risk (SSTR). Research focuses include street environmental factor analysis, spatial heterogeneity and dynamic epidemic response. Research methods include data collection and processing, collecting case-related building data and obtaining images through Google Street View to segment street environmental elements, and correlating street environmental characteristics and building transmission risks; spatial analysis, using global and local spatial autocorrelation to identify the spatial aggregation mode of the epidemic and divide the building transmission risk cluster; machine learning modeling, using random forest (RF) model to analyze the nonlinear relationship between SLBE and SSTR, explaining the importance of features and interactions through the SHAP model and comparing the performance of other models. The research results show that street sidewalks, sanitary facilities, and artificial structures in high-propagation areas are positively correlated with transmission risks, while traffic control facilities and unpaved roads are negatively correlated with risks; street infrastructure is more significant in the third and fourth waves of the epidemic, and natural factors play a significant role in the first wave; the SHAP model reveals the threshold effect and interaction of environmental characteristics; the RF model performs best in high and low transmission risk clusters, significantly better than the traditional GWR model.

在建筑设计教育中整合扩展现实（XR）：东南大学（中国）的系统评价和案例研究

本文聚焦扩展现实（XR）技术在建筑设计教育中的整合应用，探讨其在专业实践与教学间的衔接潜力。研究通过系统综述梳理XR在建筑行业现有应用，结合东南大学建筑学院本科毕业设计案例分析其在教学中的实际需求与适配场景，重点关注XR对传统设计方法的优化、设计范围的扩展及多方利益相关者参与的促进。研究方法包括系统文献综述、案例研究及提出技术整合框架。研究结果表明，XR在教学中有视觉化、交互、协作等价值，提出课程优化建议，也指出需解决技术成本、硬件兼容性及伦理问题等挑战，呼吁开发跨文化适用的XR教学框架并拓展其在城市规划等领域的应用
This paper focuses on the integrated application of extended reality (XR) technology in architectural design education and explores its connection potential between professional practice and teaching. The research systematically reviews the existing application of XR in the construction industry, combines the undergraduate graduation design cases of Southeast University School of Architecture to analyze its actual needs and adaptation scenarios in teaching, focusing on the optimization of traditional design methods by XR, expanding the design scope and promoting multi-stakeholder participation. Research methods include systematic literature reviews, case studies and proposed technical integration frameworks. The research results show that XR has the value of visualization, interaction, collaboration and other values ​​in teaching. It puts forward course optimization suggestions, and also points out that challenges such as technical cost, hardware compatibility and ethical issues need to be solved. It calls for the development of a cross-cultural applicable XR teaching framework and expand its application in urban planning and other fields.

结合街景图像识别和深度学习的不同行动能力老年人的街道步行适宜性研究——以南京城贤街社区为例（中国）

老年人根据身体能力分为独立型、辅助型和依赖型三类，他们在步行时对安全、舒适和兴趣有不同需求。研究通过街景图像选择网站收集老年人对不同街景的主观感知评分，分析街道建成环境因素与老年人步行感知之间的相关性。结果显示，绿化对所有类型老年人的步行感知有正面影响，街道家具对独立型老年人的步行兴趣有显著正面影响，而高建筑密度可能降低老年人的步行安全感。梯度提升模型在预测老年人步行感知评分方面表现出色，通过GIS可视化生成的步行性地图为城市规划者提供了直观参考工具。
The elderly are divided into three categories according to their physical abilities: independent, assisted and dependent. They have different needs for safety, comfort and interest when walking. The study collected the subjective perception scores of the elderly on different street scenes through the street view image selection website, and analyzed the correlation between the street built environment factors and the elderly's walking perception. The results show that greening has a positive impact on the walking perception of all types of older adults, street furniture has a significant positive impact on the walking interest of independent older adults, and high building density may reduce the walking safety of older adults. The gradient boosting model performs well in predicting the walking perception scores of the elderly, and the walkability map generated through GIS visualization provides an intuitive reference tool for urban planners.

利用大数据和深度学习技术对城市步行环境进行综合步行性评估

现有步行能力评估系统主要依赖客观测量，忽略了主观评估和城市空间元素的多样影响。提出新的综合评估框架，结合宏观指标、微观指标和步行偏好指标。利用大数据和深度学习技术，如语义分割和实例分割，对步行环境进行高效评估。以北京市五环路以内区域为研究对象，收集大量数据进行实证分析。研究发现，宏观指标在高密度城市中更准确反映步行能力，主客观指标存在显著差异和相似性，步行环境的不均衡分布可能与经济政策和社会福利不平等相关。
Existing walkability assessment systems mainly rely on objective measurements and ignore subjective assessments and the diverse effects of urban spatial elements. A new comprehensive assessment framework is proposed that combines macro-indicators, micro-indicators and walking preference indicators. Leverage big data and deep learning techniques such as semantic segmentation and instance segmentation for efficient assessment of walking environments. Taking the area within the Fifth Ring Road in Beijing as the research object, a large amount of data was collected for empirical analysis. The study found that macroscopic indicators more accurately reflect walking ability in high-density cities, that there are significant differences and similarities between subjective and objective indicators, and that the uneven distribution of walking environments may be related to economic policies and social welfare inequality.